A cross cultural exploratory study of the linkage between emotional intelligence and managerial effectiveness. (2003)

“…in low power distance cultures like as the United States and United Kingdom, self‐awareness of interactive skills may be crucial relative to effectiveness whereas in high PD cultures, such as Malaysia, self‐awareness of controlling skills may be crucial relative to effectiveness.

Frank Shipper, Joel Kincaid, Denise M. Rotondo, Richard C. Hoffman, I: Salisbury University, Maryland, USA
The International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 2003.. Volume 11, Number 2, pp. 171-191. 

This exploratory study examines the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and managerial effectiveness among three cultures – the United States United Kingdom and Malaysia.

EI is conceptualized as self‐other agreement concerning the use of managerial skills and measured using data gathered under a 360‐degree feedback process.

The two sets of managerial skills examined were found to be stable across the three national samples. ….

Support was found for positive relationships between effectiveness and EI (self‐awareness). This relationship was supported for interactive skills in the US and UK samples and for controlling skills in the Malaysian and UK samples.

Self‐awareness of different managerial skills varied by culture.

It appears that in low power distance (PD) cultures such as the United States and United Kingdom, self‐awareness of interactive skills may be crucial relative to effectiveness whereas in high PD cultures, such as Malaysia, self‐awareness of controlling skills may be crucial relative to effectiveness.

Access the full paper here: A cross cultural exploratory study